Passive Euthanasia (Harish Rana v. Union of India)
Permitted the withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment and clinically assisted nutrition for a patient in a permanent vegetative state for 13 years, firmly integrating the right to die with dignity under Article 21
Maternity Benefits (Hamsaanandini Nanduri v. Union of India)
Struck down restrictions limiting adoption maternity benefits only to children under three months old, ruling that leave protects child welfare and bonding regardless of age.
Menstrual Health (Dr. Jaya Thakur v. Union of India)
: Ruled that access to menstrual hygiene is a fundamental right intrinsically tied to human dignity and personal liberty under Article 21.
Caste Status & Conversion (Chinthada Anand v. State of Andhra Pradesh)
Affirmed that conversion to a non-recognized religion extinguishes Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe reservation benefits and statutory protections.
OBC Creamy Layer Verification
Ruled that the creamy layer status of candidates cannot be determined solely based on parental salary thresholds from public sector or private employment.
Women in the Legal Profession
: Mandated a minimum 30% representation for women across Bar Association Executive Committees nationwide.